Independent research archive

Energy, measured
against the human.

EPK Research develops and publishes the Energy per Kilogram framework—an open, traceable approach to investigating energy availability in relation to body mass.

Core expression
EPK=available energybody mass

A working research model. Definitions and boundaries will be documented in each publication.

The EPK Paper Series

Seven connected research questions

Paper 1 is published first as the 37-page foundational working paper. Papers 2–7 are explicitly linked forthcoming papers in the EPK series.

EPK–001Published working paper

Energy Per Kilogram (EPK): A Physiology-Aware Framework for Human Energy Availability and Dietary Adherence

Introduces EPK through original MSc findings, adaptive thermogenesis, appetite regulation, constrained energy expenditure and sports energy-availability research.

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22673106
File integrity · SHA-25663f374915aa6912b90aea8f5f0e093e609f92c2bdaab5ad4b3f6fef38c9f5ca4
EPK–002Working abstract

Behavioural Stability and Energy Availability

Explores whether behavioural stability during dieting may itself be influenced by physiological energy availability and compensatory pressure.

EPK–003Working abstract

Metabolic Flexibility, Energy Availability, and Substrate Utilisation

Extends EPK beyond static calorie models to examine substrate competition, dietary-fat storage and metabolic flexibility.

EPK–004Working abstract

Energy Availability and Human Functional Capacity

Examines whether sports physiology can help explain fatigue, reduced movement and poor recovery in the general population.

EPK–005Working abstract

Relative Energy Deficiency Beyond Sport

Considers energy availability, compensatory physiology and functional decline outside athletic populations.

EPK–006Working abstract

Energy Availability, Metabolic Flexibility, and Cognitive Aging

Sets out a cautious, testable neuroenergetic hypothesis linking energetic sufficiency, movement and metabolic flexibility.

EPK–007Working abstract

Proportional Danger Theory

Proposes that immune responsiveness may be shaped by both danger signals and the energetic resources available to respond and recover.

Research principles

Built to be examined.

The archive is designed for clarity, permanence and constructive scrutiny—not for presenting an evolving hypothesis as settled fact.

Versioned

Each release is dated, versioned and linked to a permanent citation record.

Accessible

Clear summaries sit alongside definitions, methods, limitations and references.

Testable

Provisional propositions, limitations and research questions are stated so the framework can be examined empirically.

About

A public home for the EPK hypothesis.

EPK Research is an independent project founded by Billy Craig to formalise, document and invite scrutiny of the Energy per Kilogram concept.

Paper 1 establishes the foundation for six connected manuscripts. Each later paper will be released separately with its own version history and citation record.

Publication here does not imply peer review, clinical validation or scientific consensus. EPK thresholds remain provisional and the framework is presented as a testable hypothesis.

billy@enerjarden.com